@article {1219,
	title = {Open Source HMIS Enabled Evaluation of Financial Burden of Disease and Patient Coverage in Three University Hospitals in Great Lakes Africa.},
	journal = {Stud Health Technol Inform},
	volume = {264},
	year = {2019},
	month = {2019 Aug 21},
	pages = {969-973},
	abstract = {<p>Since the eighties, case mix evaluation methods based on diagnosis-related groups (DRG) were gradually introduced in developed countries. These methods of assessing the costs of diseases to measure the productivity of the hospital have been introduced in management softwares that are not accessible to low-income countries. In this study, the authors applied these methods to an open source hospital management information system (HMIS) implemented in three university hospitals in Great Lakes Africa. A comparative study of the financial burden of five major diseases, monitored as part of a universal health coverage (UHC) analysis, was carried out. The level of coverage of patients in the hospitals was evaluated and the impact of UHC policies demonstrated. Although the financial protection of patients treated in the three hospitals had improved, HIV and tuberculosis treatments that ought to be free, remained a considerable financial burden for the patient.</p>},
	issn = {1879-8365},
	doi = {10.3233/SHTI190368},
	author = {Karara, Gustave and Verbeke, Frank and Byiringiro, Jean-Claude and Nziza, Franck and Buyl, Ronald and Nyssen, Marc}
}
@article {1045,
	title = {The Role of Hospital Information Systems in Universal Health Coverage Monitoring in Rwanda.},
	journal = {Stud Health Technol Inform},
	volume = {216},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015},
	pages = {193-7},
	abstract = {<p>In this retrospective study, the authors monitored the patient health coverage in 6 Rwandan hospitals in the period between 2011 and 2014. Among the 6 hospitals, 2 are third level hospitals, 2 district hospitals and 2 private hospitals. Patient insurance and financial data were extracted and analyzed from OpenClinic GA, an open source hospital information system (HIS) used in those 6 hospitals. The percentage of patients who had no health insurer globally decreased from 35\% in 2011 to 15\% in 2014. The rate of health insurance coverage in hospitals varied between 75\% in private hospitals and 84\% in public hospitals. The amounts paid by the patients for health services decreased in private hospitals to 25\% of the total costs in 2014 (-7.4\%) and vary between 14\% and 19\% in public hospitals. Although the number of insured patients has increased and the patient share decreased over the four years of study, the patients{\textquoteright} out-of-pocket payments increased especially for in-patients. This study emphasizes the value of integrated hospital information systems for this kind of health economics research in developing countries.</p>},
	issn = {0926-9630},
	author = {Karara, Gustave and Verbeke, Frank and Nyssen, Marc}
}
